> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://proto.evodesign.org/docs/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# LigandMPNN Inverse Folding

> LigandMPNN structure-conditioned protein sequence design with ligand awareness

<div class="page-hero">
  <img class="page-hero-banner" src="https://proto-bio.github.io/proto-assets/images/generator/ligandmpnn/hero.png" alt="LigandMPNN Inverse Folding" />
</div>

<Note>
  **License:** LigandMPNN is open source and free for academic and commercial use under an MIT license. Please refer to [the license](https://github.com/dauparas/LigandMPNN/blob/main/LICENSE) for full terms.
</Note>

<p class="entity-disclaimer">This generator is open source. Any third-party models, product names, or trademarks referenced are the property of their respective owners, and Proto is not affiliated with them.</p>

<hr class="entity-rule" />

<input type="radio" name="tab-generator-ligandmpnn" id="none-generator-ligandmpnn" class="tab-radio-input" />

<input type="radio" name="tab-generator-ligandmpnn" id="tools-generator-ligandmpnn" class="tab-radio-input" defaultChecked />

<input type="radio" name="tab-generator-ligandmpnn" id="source-generator-ligandmpnn" class="tab-radio-input" />

<input type="radio" name="tab-generator-ligandmpnn" id="cite-generator-ligandmpnn" class="tab-radio-input" />

<div class="tool-tab-bar"><span class="tool-tab-wrap"><label for="tools-generator-ligandmpnn" class="tool-tab tab-open badge-tools"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><rect width="7" height="7" x="3" y="3" rx="1" /><rect width="7" height="7" x="14" y="3" rx="1" /><rect width="7" height="7" x="14" y="14" rx="1" /><rect width="7" height="7" x="3" y="14" rx="1" /></svg> Tools Used</label><label for="none-generator-ligandmpnn" class="tool-tab tab-close badge-tools"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><rect width="7" height="7" x="3" y="3" rx="1" /><rect width="7" height="7" x="14" y="3" rx="1" /><rect width="7" height="7" x="14" y="14" rx="1" /><rect width="7" height="7" x="3" y="14" rx="1" /></svg> Tools Used</label></span> <span class="tool-tab-wrap"><label for="source-generator-ligandmpnn" class="tool-tab tab-open badge-source"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><polyline points="16 18 22 12 16 6" /><polyline points="8 6 2 12 8 18" /></svg> Source</label><label for="none-generator-ligandmpnn" class="tool-tab tab-close badge-source"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><polyline points="16 18 22 12 16 6" /><polyline points="8 6 2 12 8 18" /></svg> Source</label></span> <span class="tool-tab-wrap"><label for="cite-generator-ligandmpnn" class="tool-tab tab-open badge-cite"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M3 21c3 0 7-1 7-8V5c0-1.25-.756-2.017-2-2H4c-1.25 0-2 .75-2 1.972V11c0 1.25.75 2 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 1v1c0 1-1 2-2 2s-1 .008-1 1.031V20c0 1 0 1 1 1z" /><path d="M15 21c3 0 7-1 7-8V5c0-1.25-.757-2.017-2-2h-4c-1.25 0-2 .75-2 1.972V11c0 1.25.75 2 2 2h.75c0 2.25.25 4-2.75 4v3c0 1 0 1 1 1z" /></svg> Cite</label><label for="none-generator-ligandmpnn" class="tool-tab tab-close badge-cite"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M3 21c3 0 7-1 7-8V5c0-1.25-.756-2.017-2-2H4c-1.25 0-2 .75-2 1.972V11c0 1.25.75 2 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 1v1c0 1-1 2-2 2s-1 .008-1 1.031V20c0 1 0 1 1 1z" /><path d="M15 21c3 0 7-1 7-8V5c0-1.25-.757-2.017-2-2h-4c-1.25 0-2 .75-2 1.972V11c0 1.25.75 2 2 2h.75c0 2.25.25 4-2.75 4v3c0 1 0 1 1 1z" /></svg> Cite</label></span></div>

<a href="/docs/tools/inverse-folding/ligandmpnn" class="tab-panel tools-panel tools-panel-single" data-tab="tools-generator-ligandmpnn">
  <div class="tools-single-card">
    <img noZoom src="https://proto-bio.github.io/proto-assets/images/tool/ligandmpnn/social.png" alt="" loading="lazy" />
  </div>

  <span class="panel-goto-btn tools-goto-btn"><span><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M5 12h14" /><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7" /></svg> Go to Tool Page</span></span>
</a>

<a href="https://github.com/evo-design/proto-language/blob/d3b7822f74ea64747cc751a3b2ab1aa6b799ac47/proto_language/generator/ligandmpnn_generator.py#L245" target="_blank" class="tab-panel source-panel" data-tab="source-generator-ligandmpnn">
  <div class="source-info">
    <img noZoom src="https://github.com/evo-design.png?size=40" class="source-avatar" width="36" height="36" />

    <span class="source-path">evo-design/proto-language<span class="source-subpath">/proto\_language/generator/ligandmpnn\_generator.py</span></span>
  </div>

  <span class="panel-goto-btn source-goto-btn"><span><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 0C5.37 0 0 5.37 0 12c0 5.31 3.435 9.795 8.205 11.385.6.105.825-.255.825-.57 0-.285-.015-1.23-.015-2.235-3.015.555-3.795-.735-4.035-1.41-.135-.345-.72-1.41-1.23-1.695-.42-.225-1.02-.78-.015-.795.945-.015 1.62.87 1.845 1.23 1.08 1.815 2.805 1.305 3.495.99.105-.78.42-1.305.765-1.605-2.67-.3-5.46-1.335-5.46-5.925 0-1.305.465-2.385 1.23-3.225-.12-.3-.54-1.53.12-3.18 0 0 1.005-.315 3.3 1.23.96-.27 1.98-.405 3-.405s2.04.135 3 .405c2.295-1.56 3.3-1.23 3.3-1.23.66 1.65.24 2.88.12 3.18.765.84 1.23 1.905 1.23 3.225 0 4.605-2.805 5.625-5.475 5.925.435.375.81 1.095.81 2.22 0 1.605-.015 2.895-.015 3.3 0 .315.225.69.825.57A12.02 12.02 0 0024 12c0-6.63-5.37-12-12-12z" /></svg> View source</span></span>
</a>

<div class="tab-panel cite-panel" data-tab="cite-generator-ligandmpnn">
  <div class="cite-code-wrap">
    ```bibtex theme={null}
    @ARTICLE{Dauparas2025-eg,
      title     = "Atomic context-conditioned protein sequence design using
                   {LigandMPNN}",
      author    = "Dauparas, Justas and Lee, Gyu Rie and Pecoraro, Robert and An,
                   Linna and Anishchenko, Ivan and Glasscock, Cameron and Baker,
                   David",
      journal   = "Nat. Methods",
      publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
      volume    =  22,
      number    =  4,
      pages     = "717--723",
      doi       = "10.1038/s41592-025-02626-1",
      month     =  apr,
      year      =  2025,
      language  = "en"
    }
    ```
  </div>

  <span class="panel-goto-btn cite-copy-btn"><span><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M3 21c3 0 7-1 7-8V5c0-1.25-.756-2.017-2-2H4c-1.25 0-2 .75-2 1.972V11c0 1.25.75 2 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 1v1c0 1-1 2-2 2s-1 .008-1 1.031V20c0 1 0 1 1 1z" /><path d="M15 21c3 0 7-1 7-8V5c0-1.25-.757-2.017-2-2h-4c-1.25 0-2 .75-2 1.972V11c0 1.25.75 2 2 2h.75c0 2.25.25 4-2.75 4v3c0 1 0 1 1 1z" /></svg> Copy citation</span></span>
</div>

<div class="entity-contributors"><span class="entity-contributors-label">Generator contributors</span><span class="entity-contributors-people"><a class="entity-contributor" href="https://github.com/brianhie" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="brianhie: 5 commits"><img noZoom class="entity-contributor-avatar" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6365340?v=4&s=64" alt="" loading="lazy" /><span class="entity-contributor-login">brianhie</span></a><a class="entity-contributor" href="https://github.com/bviggiano" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="bviggiano: 4 commits"><img noZoom class="entity-contributor-avatar" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/21143637?v=4&s=64" alt="" loading="lazy" /><span class="entity-contributor-login">bviggiano</span></a><a class="entity-contributor" href="https://github.com/dguo8412" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="dguo8412: 2 commits"><img noZoom class="entity-contributor-avatar" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46211285?v=4&s=64" alt="" loading="lazy" /><span class="entity-contributor-login">dguo8412</span></a></span></div>
Protein sequence generator using LigandMPNN inverse folding model.

This generator uses LigandMPNN to design protein sequences that are predicted
to fold into a given 3D backbone structure while considering ligand context.
Unlike ProteinMPNN, LigandMPNN is aware of non-protein atoms (ligands, cofactors,
metal ions) in the structure.

LigandMPNN is particularly effective for:

* Designing enzymes with specific active site geometries
* Optimizing binding pockets around ligands
* Creating sequences for cofactor-dependent proteins
* Redesigning protein-ligand interfaces

## API Reference

<div class="api-model-section api-model-static api-config-section">
  <div class="api-model-header"><span class="api-model-badge api-config-badge">Config</span><span class="api-model-name">LigandMPNNGeneratorConfig</span><a href="https://github.com/evo-design/proto-language/blob/d3b7822f74ea64747cc751a3b2ab1aa6b799ac47/proto_language/generator/ligandmpnn_generator.py#L25" target="_blank" class="func-table-btn func-source-btn api-model-source"><svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><polyline points="16 18 22 12 16 6" /><polyline points="8 6 2 12 8 18" /></svg> Source</a></div>

  Configuration object for LigandMPNNGenerator.

  This class defines configuration parameters for the LigandMPNN generator, which
  uses the LigandMPNN inverse folding model to design protein sequences conditioned
  on a given 3D backbone structure and ligand context.

  LigandMPNN extends ProteinMPNN to be aware of non-protein atoms (ligands, cofactors,
  metal ions), making it particularly effective for:

  * Enzyme active site design
  * Binding pocket optimization
  * Cofactor-dependent protein design

  <ParamField path="structure_inputs" type="array">
    Structure(s) with optional chains\_to\_redesign and fixed\_positions constraints.
  </ParamField>

  <ParamField path="model_type" type="enum" default="ligand_mpnn">
    LigandMPNN implementation: Foundry-backed ligand\_mpnn or original LigandMPNN.

    Options: `ligand_mpnn`, `original`
  </ParamField>

  <ParamField path="temperature" type="number" default="0.1">
    Randomness of sampling (0-1). Near 0 is deterministic; near 1 is proportional to model probs.
  </ParamField>

  <ParamField path="excluded_amino_acids" type="array">
    Single-letter amino-acid codes to forbid in the designed sequence.
  </ParamField>

  <ParamField path="use_side_chain_context" type="boolean" default="False">
    Whether LigandMPNN conditions on fixed-residue sidechain atoms.
  </ParamField>

  <ParamField path="cutoff_for_score" type="number" default="8.0">
    Ligand-residue distance cutoff (Å) used by LigandMPNN.
  </ParamField>

  <ParamField path="checkpoint_path" type="string">
    Optional explicit LigandMPNN checkpoint path.
  </ParamField>

  <ParamField path="tool_seed" type="integer">
    Optional seed passed directly to the LigandMPNN tool; None uses Proto's derived seed stream.
  </ParamField>

  <ParamField path="batch_size" type="integer" default="1">
    Number of sequences to process simultaneously on GPU
  </ParamField>

  <ParamField path="device" type="string" default="cuda">
    GPU device for inference (e.g. 'cuda' or 'cuda:0').
  </ParamField>

  <ParamField path="verbose" type="boolean" default="False">
    Whether to print status messages during execution.
  </ParamField>
</div>

## Usage

```python python icon="python" theme={null}
>>> from proto_language.generator import LigandMPNNGenerator, LigandMPNNGeneratorConfig
>>> from proto_language.core import Segment
>>> config = LigandMPNNGeneratorConfig(
...     structure_inputs="/path/to/enzyme_with_ligand.pdb",
...     temperature=0.1,
... )
>>> gen = LigandMPNNGenerator(config)
>>> segment = Segment(length=100, sequence_type="protein")
>>> gen.assign(segment)
>>> gen.sample()  # Generates num_proposals sequences from the backbone
```

## Metadata

| Property                 | Value                 |
| ------------------------ | --------------------- |
| Key                      | `ligandmpnn`          |
| Class                    | `LigandMPNNGenerator` |
| Category                 | `inverse_folding`     |
| Input Type               | `structure`           |
| Uses GPU                 | `True`                |
| Supported Sequence Types | `protein`             |
| Allows Empty Start       | `False`               |
